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The Forces Tearing Africa Apart Are Getting Stronger

Africa is tearing apart along a massive geological rift, and new research suggests parts of this process may be happening much faster than scientists once believed. Deep beneath East Africa, powerful tectonic forces are pulling the continent in opposite directions, creating giant cracks, triggering earthquakes, and laying the foundation for what could eventually become a brand-new ocean. Some regions have experienced dramatic surface changes in surprisingly short periods, giving researchers a rare opportunity to watch a continent reshape itself in real time. This video explores the latest discoveries, the science behind Africa’s growing rift, and what the future may hold for millions of people living above one of Earth’s most active geological boundaries. The birth of a new ocean is one of the rarest events on our planet—and it may already be underway.

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Plate Tectonics Explained

How do plate tectonics REALLY work?

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References

Anderson, D. L. (2001). Top-down tectonics?. Science, 293(5537), 2016-2018. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/293/5537/2016.short

Conrad, C. P., & Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. (2002). How mantle slabs drive plate tectonics. Science, 298(5591), 207-209. ftp://128.171.151.230/engels/Stanley/Textbook_update/Science_298/Conrad-02.pdf

Conrad, C.P., 2014. Personal Communication

Dietz, R. S. (1961). Continent and ocean basin evolution by spreading of the sea floor. Nature, 190(4779), 854-857. http://eps.mcgill.ca/~courses/c350/lecturestuff/jan28/Dietz_1961.pdf

Forsyth, D., & Uyeda, S. (1975). On the relative importance of the driving forces of plate motion. Geophysical Journal International, 43(1), 163-200. http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/content/43/1/163.short

Hecht, J. 2014, Aug 29. Earth’s tectonic plates have doubled their speed. New Scientist. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329843.000-earths-tectonic-plates-have-doubled-their-speed.html#.VBDAJ7ywJ_Q

Smil, V. 2007. Energy in Nature and Society: General Energetics of Complex Systems. MIT Press. http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/energy-nature-and-society

Driving forces of plate tectonics (website):
http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/driving_forces_basic.htm

Africa and Europe Are Colliding – The Mediterranean Sea Will Disappear

The relentless tectonic collision between the African and Eurasian plates is slowly crushing the Mediterranean Sea out of existence. As Africa pushes northward at a rate of roughly an inch per year, this massive geological shift will eventually form a brand-new supercontinent known as Eurafrica. Geologists predict that within 50 million years, towering mountain ranges taller than the Himalayas will completely replace the current coastlines from Spain to Turkey. This monumental continental drift event will utterly transform global ocean currents, drastically altering Earth’s climate and creating vast, unforgiving deserts where deep blue waters once thrived. Click the video to explore the dramatic geological forces wiping out the Mediterranean Basin and discover exactly what our planet’s map will look like in the distant future.

This is the AI tool behind it → https://higgsfield.ai/s/general-brightsideofficial-kDdKTb

Animation is created by Bright Side.
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The Only Country That Sits on Two Continents Is Splitting in Half

Iceland is the only country on Earth where you can stand directly between two continents—and those continents are slowly pulling apart. The island sits atop the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the longest mountain range on the planet, stretching more than 40,000 miles across the ocean floor and marking the boundary between the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates. Every year, these massive plates drift farther apart, tearing Iceland open at a rate of roughly 2 to 2.5 centimeters and creating dramatic landscapes filled with volcanoes, earthquakes, and deep fissures. While the movement seems tiny on a human timescale, it is the same unstoppable geological process that spent the last 60 million years opening the entire Atlantic Ocean. Join us as we explore why Iceland is literally splitting in half, how it became one of the most unique places on Earth, and what this incredible geological phenomenon reveals about the forces shaping our planet.

This is the AI tool behind it → https://higgsfield.ai/s/general-brightsideofficial-kDdKTb
Credit:
CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0:
Bridge between two continents: By josef knecht, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=54422531
CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/:
Tectonic plates (2022): By M.Bitton, Hasterok, Derrick (8 June 2022). New maps of global geological provinces and tectonic plates. American Institute of Physics – https://phys.org/news/2022-06-global-geological-provinces-tectonic-plates.html, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=130076176
Bridge across continents iceland: By Chris 73, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=892776
CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0:
Cañón Silfra: By Diego Delso, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37290290
Cañón Flosagja: By Diego Delso, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37290278
Yellowstone Caldera fr: By Simon Villeneuve, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40754134
Animation is created by Bright Side.

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Why Is There So Much Land In The North?

Most of Earth’s land is currently in the northern hemisphere because we happen to exist in a time where uneven heating in the mantle has pushed many continental plates northward.

LEARN MORE
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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
– Continental drift: An early theory of land movement that posited that the continents floated on the ocean bed.
– Tetrahedral hypothesis: An early theory that attempted to explain the arrangement of Earth’s continents and oceans based on the geometry of a tetrahedron.
– Plate tectonics: The generally accepted theory that the Earth’s surface is made up of a series of tectonic plates that slowly move around on top of the mantle.
– Pangea: The most recent supercontinent to form on Earth, during the late Paleozoic era.
– Great Rift Valley: A series of contiguous geographic trenches between two tectonic plates where humans first evolved.
– Aurica: A potential future supercontinent predicted to form in about 200 million years.

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REFERENCES
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Yoshida, M., Hamano, Y. (2015). Pangea breakup and northward drift of the Indian subcontinent reproduced by a numerical model of mantle convection. Scientific Reports 5, 8407. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08407

Morton, M.C. (2017). When and how did plate tectonics begin on Earth? Earth Magazine. Retrieved from: https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/when-and-how-did-plate-tectonics-begin-earth/

Fisher, R. (2022). How the next supercontinent will form. BBC Future. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20220401-how-the-next-supercontinent-will-form

Maslin, M. (2013). How Climate Change and Plate Tectonics Shaped Human Evolution. Retrieved from: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-climate-change-and-plate-tectonics-shaped-human-evolution/

Green, W.L. (1875). Vestiges of the Molten Globe. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/vestigesmolteng00greegoog

Tag: plate tectonics

The Forces Tearing Africa Apart Are Getting Stronger

Plate Tectonics Explained

Africa and Europe Are Colliding – The Mediterranean Sea Will Disappear

The Only Country That Sits on Two Continents Is Splitting in Half

Why Is There So Much Land In The North?

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