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What Nuclear Bombs Taught Us About Whales

A monitoring system developed to listen for secret nuclear tests mostly hears other events happening all around Earth.

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If you want to learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Infrasound: sound waves too low in frequency for humans to hear. The CTBTO stations detect frequencies of 0.02 to 4Hz
Hydroacoustic: having to do with underwater sounds. The CTBTO stations detect frequencies of 1-100 Hz
Seismic: oscillation waves in the earth, often caused by earthquakes or other tectonic activity. The CTBTO stations detect frequencies of 0.02-16 Hz
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Credits (and Twitter handles):
Script Writer: Alex Reich
Script Editor: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)
Video Illustrator: Jesse Agar
Video Director: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)
Video Narrator: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)
With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Ever Salazar, Emily Elert, Peter Reich, David Goldenberg
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder

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If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like:
Animals can detect infrasound: http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2004/12/surviving_the_tsunami.html

A Time-Lapse Map of Every Nuclear Explosion Since 1945: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLCF7vPanrY

Sound travels 1000s of miles in the ocean’s SOFAR channel: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOFAR_channel

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Sounds in the video that were recorded by CTBTO stations:

0:32 Kasatoshi volcano eruption in August 2008, detected 2100km away at infrasound station on mainland Alaska. Sped up 500x https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasatochi_Island

0:35 Explosion of Antares rocket in October 2014, detected 1100km away at Bermuda infrasound station. Sped up 150x https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus_CRS_Orb-3 and video: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antares_Fails_to_Reach_Orbit_with_Cygnus_CRS-3_after_Rocket_Explodes.webm

0:37 Ship engine detected June 1 2017 by hydroacoustic station. Sped up 16x

0:40 Waves hitting an iceberg and causing it to vibrate like a cymbal in July 2010. Detected by hydroacoustic station off of Western Australia. Sped up 16x

1:01 Whale call Feb 18 2017, detected by hydroacoustic station. Sped up 16x

1:08 Chelyabinsk meteor airburst February 15 2013, detected by infrasound station 650km away in Kazakhstan. Sped up 135x

1:39 Earthquake Jan 2 2017, detected by infrasound station. Sped up 16x

2:00 Sound with unknown cause, detected by hydroacoustic station. March 25 2017. Sped up 16x

References

Brown, P. G., et al. 2013. A 500-kiloton airburst over Chelyabinsk and an enhanced hazard from small impactors. Nature, 503(7475), 238-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12741

Gavrilov, A. May 2017, Personal communication

Graham, G. May 2017, Personal communication

Harabalus, G. May 2017, personal communication

LeBras, R. May 2017, personal communication

Mialle P., May 2017, personal communication

Miksis-Old, J. May 2017, personal communication

Nielsen, P., May 2017, personal communication

Le Pichon, A., et al. 2013. The 2013 Russian fireball largest ever detected by CTBTO infrasound sensors. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(14), 3732-3737. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/grl.50619/full

Both Its Heads Are Fighting for Control – Who Will Win?

In a lab in Pennsylvania, something impossible hatched from an egg. A crested gecko with two fully formed heads – each with its own eyes, mouth, and brain. Two minds, sharing one tiny body. They blink in different directions. They sometimes disagree on where to go. And against all odds, they’re both eating and thriving. But how does something like this happen? And how do two brains learn to cooperate when they’re trapped in the same body? This is the strange and fascinating story of a creature that shouldn’t exist but does.
Animation is created by Bright Side.
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This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer’s responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.

Stonehenge DNA Just Revealed Something Shocking

For centuries, Stonehenge has been one of the greatest mysteries in human history. How did ancient builders move 25-ton rocks across hundreds of kilometers? Where did they come from? And why did they choose this exact spot? Now, after years of research, scientists have finally traced the origin of the Sarsen stones, and the answer is not what anyone expected. But that’s just the beginning. Stonehenge might be part of something much bigger.
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Stonehenge DNA Just Revealed Something Shocking

Iceland Is Being Pulled in Two Directions – Literally

Iceland is literally being torn in half, and nobody tells you about it. While tourists admire its stunning landscapes, the ground beneath is actively splitting apart. Two tectonic plates are pulling away from each other at about 2 centimeters per year, and the consequences are devastating. In 2023, the town of Grindavik was evacuated overnight as the ground cracked open beneath people’s homes. Thousands became geological refugees.
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Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/

The Weird Sex Lives of Bluegills

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When it comes to the mating game, fish have some of the strangest ways of thwarting the competition.

LEARN MORE
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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
– Alternative mating strategy: a strategy used by male or female animals, often with distinct phenotypes, that differs from the prevailing mating strategy.
– Dependent selection: an evolutionary process by which the fitness of a phenotype or genotype depends on the phenotype or genotype composition of a given population.

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Cameron Duke | Script Writer, Narrator and Director
Arcadi Garcia i Ruis | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation
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REFERENCES
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Dominey, Wallace J. “Female Mimicry in Male Bluegill Sunfish—a Genetic Polymorphism?” Nature, vol. 284, no. 5756, Apr. 1980, pp. 546–548, https://doi.org/10.1038/284546a0

“Evolution of Alternative Reproductive Strategies: Frequency-Dependent Sexual Selection in Male Bluegill Sunfish | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 2022, royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.1991.0033

Gross, Mart R. “Alternative Reproductive Strategies and Tactics: Diversity within Sexes.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol. 11, no. 2, Feb. 1996, pp. 92–98, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(96)81050-0

Gross, Mart R. “Sneakers, Satellites and Parentals: Polymorphic Mating Strategies in North American Sunfishes.” Zeitschrift Für Tierpsychologie, vol. 60, no. 1, 12 Jan. 1982, pp. 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1982.tb01073.x

Jukema, Joop, and Theunis Piersma. “Permanent Female Mimics in a Lekking Shorebird.” Biology Letters, vol. 2, no. 2, 10 Jan. 2006, pp. 161–164, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0416

Neff, B. D. “Genetic Paternity Analysis and Breeding Success in Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis Macrochirus).” Journal of Heredity, vol. 92, no. 2, 1 Mar. 2001, pp. 111–119, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/92.2.111

Neff, B. D. “Sperm Investment and Alternative Mating Tactics in Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis Macrochirus).” Behavioral Ecology, vol. 14, no. 5, 1 Sept. 2003, pp. 634–641, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arg032

Neff, Bryan D., and Erik I. Svensson. “Polyandry and Alternative Mating Tactics.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 368, no. 1613, 5 Mar. 2013, p. 20120045, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0045

Neff, Bryan. Personal Communication

MinuteEarth: The Story of Our Planet

Our first video ever! Agriculture, hula hoops, SARS, and THIS video: how long did they take to get around the earth?

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Created by Henry Reich, with Alex Reich, Peter Reich, Rose Eveleth, Emily Elert, and John Guittar.
Music by Nathaniel Schroeder http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder
Thanks to ScienceAlert for support – http://www.sciencealert.com

MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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The Coyote Paradox

Hunting coyotes can lead to MORE coyotes. If we want to control the coyote population, we will need to look at other approaches.

Why Are There No Skeletons on the Titanic?

More than a century after the Titanic disappeared beneath the Atlantic, one mystery still captures the imagination: why have no human skeletons been found around the wreck? Thousands of images have revealed shoes, clothing, and personal belongings scattered across the seafloor, yet the victims themselves appear to have vanished. In this video, we explore what happens to human remains at extreme ocean depths, how deep-sea scavengers and chemistry can destroy bones, and why the Titanic’s location may have played a crucial role. But there’s also a haunting possibility – could some remains still be hidden inside the ship, in areas sealed off from the surrounding ocean?
Animation is created by Bright Side.
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Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/

A Major Warning Just Came From California’s Fault Lines

A major warning has emerged from California’s fault lines as scientists track new seismic activity across one of the most earthquake-prone regions in the United States. Researchers are studying stress building deep underground, analyzing whether recent movements could provide clues about future earthquake risks along the state’s massive fault systems. While no one can predict exactly when a large quake will strike, experts say understanding these warning signs is critical for millions of people living near active faults. This video explores the latest discoveries, what scientists are monitoring, and how California’s geology continues to shape the threat of powerful earthquakes. The forces building beneath the state have been at work for millions of years—and they haven’t stopped.

Animation is created by Bright Side.
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Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/

What Archaeologists Found Near the Sphinx Changes Everything

What archaeologists recently uncovered near the Great Sphinx is reigniting one of Egypt’s oldest mysteries and forcing experts to take a closer look at what may still be hidden beneath the Giza Plateau. New findings, advanced scanning technologies, and previously overlooked evidence are revealing clues that could reshape our understanding of how this ancient complex was built and what secrets it may still contain. Some researchers believe the discoveries point to structures, chambers, or features that have remained concealed for thousands of years. This video explores the latest evidence, the competing theories, and why the search around the Sphinx is attracting worldwide attention once again. The deeper scientists investigate this iconic monument, the more questions emerge about Egypt’s forgotten past.

Animation is created by Bright Side.
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Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/