Both Its Heads Are Fighting for Control – Who Will Win?

In a lab in Pennsylvania, something impossible hatched from an egg. A crested gecko with two fully formed heads – each with its own eyes, mouth, and brain. Two minds, sharing one tiny body. They blink in different directions. They sometimes disagree on where to go. And against all odds, they’re both eating and thriving. But how does something like this happen? And how do two brains learn to cooperate when they’re trapped in the same body? This is the strange and fascinating story of a creature that shouldn’t exist but does.
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Why Are Leaves Green? Part 2

Still wondering why leaves are green and not purple or even black? CHLOROPHYLL! It’s how leaves work.

CREDITS
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Created by Henry Reich, with Alex Reich, Peter Reich, Rose Eveleth, Emily Elert, and John Guittar.
Music by Nathaniel Schroeder http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder
Thanks to ScienceAlert for support – http://www.sciencealert.com

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REFERENCES
**************
Papers referred to in the making of this video:
Blankenship, Robert E. 2010. Early evolution of photosynthesis. Plant physiology 154(2): 434-438. http://www.plantphysiology.org/content/154/2/434.full.pdf+html

Hohmann-Marriott, M. F., & Blankenship, R. E. 2011. Evolution of photosynthesis. Annual review of plant biology 62: 515-548. http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103811

Raven, J. A. 2009. Functional evolution of photochemical energy transformations in oxygen-producing organisms. Functional Plant Biology 36(6): 505-515. http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=FP09087.pdf

An Egg Is Just One Cell

One of Earth’s biggest cells is one you’re probably really familiar with.

See what we’re cooking up over at our BRAND-NEW channel, MinuteFood: https://www.youtube.com/user/minutefood

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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
– Cell: the smallest unit that can execute all the activities required for life
– Egg: the organic vessel containing the zygote in which an embryo develops until it can survive on its own
– Fertilization: the union of male and female gametes during sexual reproduction to form a zygote

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CREDITS
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Kate Yoshida | Script Writer, Narrator and Director
Arcadi Garcia i Rius | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation
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Lizah van der Aart • Sarah Berman • Arcadi Garcia i Rius
David Goldenberg • Melissa Hayes • Alex Reich
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Alexander Vidal • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida

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REFERENCES
**************
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. (2002). Eggs. Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th edition). New York: Garland Science. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26842/

Gilbert S. (2013). “”Early Development in Birds””. Developmental Biology (10th ed.). Sunderland: Sinauer Associates. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10070/

Marshall WF, Young KD, Swaffer M, Wood E. (2012) What determines cell size? BMC Biololgy 10: 101. https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7007-10-101

Starck J (2020) Morphology of the avian yolk sac, Journal of Morphology 282:7, (959-972). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jmor.21262

Why Sea Cows Are Awesome | Animal Science for Kids

Join Jessi and Squeaks to learn all about an amazing aquatic mammal you may not have heard of before: the manatee!
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SOURCES:
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/manatee/

http://mentalfloss.com/article/30874/see-resemblance-surprising-family-ties-animal-kingdom

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/14-fun-facts-about-manatees-180950308/?no-ist

http://www.foxnews.com/story/2008/04/16/ancient-elephants-spent-most-lives-in-water.html

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/8-things-didnt-know-manatees/

http://www.savethemanatee.org/info_teeth.html

http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-news/mermaids-manatees-myth-and-reality

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2014/11/141124-manatee-awareness-month-dugongs-animals-science/

What Is Squid Ink?

Our friend the Giant Squid inspired a SciShow Kids viewer to write us and ask, “What is squid ink, and can you write with it?” Jessi has the answers!

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SOURCES:
http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/apr/05/ask-grown-up-how-does-squid-make-ink

Squid Facts and Information


http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2010/03/22/can_i_write_with_squid_ink/

The Real Animals of Madagascar | Animal Science for Kids

Jessi and Squeaks introduce you to the amazing, unusual animals and plants from a place like nowhere else on earth: Madagascar!
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SOURCES:
http://www.pbs.org/edens/madagascar/eden.htm

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/091001_madagascar

http://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/fossa

http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2015/04/13/lemurs-of-madagascar/

http://www.pnas.org/content/104/34/13723.full

http://www.wildmadagascar.org/kids/

Why Are There No Wild Cows?

While you may not be able to bring the aurochs back, you can show off your appreciation for them by picking up one of our new aurochs shirts, inspired by the cave paintings found at Lascaux in France. Show your love for the aurochs and support SciShow by getting your shirt at https://complexly.store/aurochs

Why are there no wild cows? The domestication of the dog didn’t lead to the extinction of the wolf. But the ancestor of domestic cattle, the aurochs, is extinct. In this deep dive, we examine whether we can de-extinct it — and the surprisingly good reason why we should.

Hosted by: Michelle Barboza-Ramirez (they/them)

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23:18 This should be spelled Oostvaardersplassen.
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Should We Let Pandas Go Extinct?

When it comes to saving species, how should we decide who to save first?

LEARN MORE
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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
– Keystone species: a species that plays a crucial role in the functioning of an ecosystem
– Flagship species: species used as an icon for an environmental cause
– Threatened species: species assessed by the IUCN as critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable
– Triage: assigning degrees of urgency to a large number of patients to determine the order of treatment

CREDITS
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Script Writer: Kate Yoshida
Script Editor: Emily Elert
Narrator: Henry Reich
Illustrator and Animator: Ever Salazar
Music: Nathaniel Schroeder

MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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IMAGE CREDITS
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Stinking Cedar (Torreya taxifolia) – Jerry A. Payne – http://bit.ly/1EyduHa

Pygmy hog-sucking Louse (Haematopinus oliveri) – Zoological Survey of India – http://bit.ly/1JdxxvD

Sturgeon – Wikimedia user Cacophony – http://bit.ly/1DOjpFA

Saiga Anthelope – Wikimedia user Seilov – http://bit.ly/1E0O0Pq

Echinocactus grusonii – André Karwath – http://bit.ly/1IucNBw

Cork Oak (Quercus suber) – Wikimedia user Joergsam – http://bit.ly/1ziQOLU

Humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) – Patryk Krzyzak – http://bit.ly/1GLUf0g

Paddlefish – U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters – http://bit.ly/1GLUdFX

Swietenia macrophylla – Flickr User jayeshpatil912 – http://bit.ly/1HWzhuB

Arakan forest turtle – Public Domain – http://bit.ly/1dzlAqh

Purple Frog – Wikimedia User Karthickbala – http://bit.ly/1JF1Hv8

Cute Panda – Wikimedia User Sheilalau (Public Domain) – http://bit.ly/1c0JURt

Frohawk Dodo – Frederick William Frohawk (Public Domain) – http://bit.ly/1bInEer

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REFERENCES
**************
IUCN 2014. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. http://www.iucnredlist.org/

Joseph, L. N., Maloney R. F., & Possingham, H. P. (2009) Optimal allocation of resources among threatened species: a project prioritization protocol. Conservation Biology 23:328-338. http://www.uq.edu.au/spatialecology/docs/Publications/2009_Joseph_etal_OptimalAllocation.pdf

Small, E. (2011) The new Noah’s Ark: beautiful and useful species only. Part 1. Biodiversity conservation issues and priorities. Biodiversity 12(4): 232 – 247. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14888386.2011.642663#

Smith, R.J., Verissimo, D.; Isaac, N.J.B., & Jones, K.E. (2012) Identifying Cinderella species: uncovering mammals with conservation flagship appeal. Conservation Letters, 5 (3): 205 – 212. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00229.x/abstract

Sitas, N., Baillie, J.E.M., and Isaac, N.J.B. (2009) What are we saving? Developing a standardized approach for conservation action. Animal Conservation, 12(3): 231- 237. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00244.x/full

US Fish and Wildlife Service. (1999) South Florida Multi-Species Recovery Plan. Mangroves: 3-519 – 3-552. http://www.fws.gov/verobeach/msrppdfs/mangroves.pdf

Warren, L. (June 2006) Panda, Inc. National Geographic Magazine. http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2006/07/panda/warren-text

World Wildlife Fund. (2014) Annual Report. http://assets.worldwildlife.org/financial_reports/21/reports/original/2014_Annual_Report.pdf?1418325091&_ga=1.146888247.1239564205.1427657892

How Does A Seed Become A Plant? | Backyard Science | SciShow Kids

Jessi and Squeaks show you how a tiny seed – like the kind you plant in your garden or even eat in your trail mix – grows into a big plant!

#scieshowkids #plants #gardening #scienceforkids #biology #science #education #elementary #learning #seeds

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SOURCES:
http://www.gardenguides.com/75304-seed-develop-plant.html
http://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-do-seeds-sprout/
http://www.mbgnet.net/bioplants/
http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/plantmotion/earlygrowth/germination/germ.html
http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/misc/yoa1961_quick001.pdf

Putting Water Bears in a Vacuum Chamber to See if Water Bears Can Survive on the Moon

How Do Squirrels Find the Food they Hide? | How Animals Prepare for Winter | SciShow Kids

How Do Squirrels Find the Food they Hide? | How Animals Prepare for Winter | SciShow Kids

The Secret Awakening that Avatar Brought to the World

If you are ready for a rapid and beautiful shift in your life, come and experience the Seven-Day Transformation. Click Here to Begin Now 🌻 https://www.spiritmysteries.com/Seven-Day-Transformation

When it comes to films with Hidden Spirituality – Avatar shines like a radiant light! The spiritual depth of this movie is absolutely outstanding, and in today’s special episode, we are going to dive as far as we can, to explore the mysteries of pandora… within!

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What If You Feed a Venus Flytrap Candy Instead of Flies?

In this video I talk about how Venus flytraps can count and how they know what they are eating. I try to feed my Venus flytrap candy to see if it will actually digest it.

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Gömböc—The Shape That Shouldn’t Exist

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Opening a Bottle of Liquid Nitrogen Under Water!

Warning: DO NOT TRY—Seeing How Close I Can Get To a Drop of Neutrons

*Any experiment you try is at YOUR OWN RISK. The Action Lab assumes no responsibility for any injury if you attempt anything you see in this video or on The Action Lab channel.