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Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics — all in a minute!
Music by Nathaniel Schroeder http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder Created by Henry Reich
Most of Earth’s land is currently in the northern hemisphere because we happen to exist in a time where uneven heating in the mantle has pushed many continental plates northward.
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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
– Continental drift: An early theory of land movement that posited that the continents floated on the ocean bed.
– Tetrahedral hypothesis: An early theory that attempted to explain the arrangement of Earth’s continents and oceans based on the geometry of a tetrahedron.
– Plate tectonics: The generally accepted theory that the Earth’s surface is made up of a series of tectonic plates that slowly move around on top of the mantle.
– Pangea: The most recent supercontinent to form on Earth, during the late Paleozoic era.
– Great Rift Valley: A series of contiguous geographic trenches between two tectonic plates where humans first evolved.
– Aurica: A potential future supercontinent predicted to form in about 200 million years.
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CREDITS
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David Goldenberg | Script Writer, Narrator and Director
Lizah van der Aart | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation
Aldo de Vos | Music
MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
https://neptunestudios.info
OUR STAFF
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Lizah van der Aart • Sarah Berman • Arcadi Garcia i Rius
David Goldenberg • Melissa Hayes • Alex Reich
Henry Reich • Peter Reich • Ever Salazar
Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida
Website | https://minuteearth.com
Apple Podcasts| https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176
REFERENCES
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Yoshida, M., Hamano, Y. (2015). Pangea breakup and northward drift of the Indian subcontinent reproduced by a numerical model of mantle convection. Scientific Reports 5, 8407. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08407
Morton, M.C. (2017). When and how did plate tectonics begin on Earth? Earth Magazine. Retrieved from: https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/when-and-how-did-plate-tectonics-begin-earth/
Fisher, R. (2022). How the next supercontinent will form. BBC Future. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20220401-how-the-next-supercontinent-will-form
Maslin, M. (2013). How Climate Change and Plate Tectonics Shaped Human Evolution. Retrieved from: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-climate-change-and-plate-tectonics-shaped-human-evolution/
Green, W.L. (1875). Vestiges of the Molten Globe. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/vestigesmolteng00greegoog
This is the official video introducing AI Fast & Comfort Cooling of the Bespoke AI WindFree Pro, Samsung’s new room air conditioner.
Enjoy AI-tailored cooling! AI analyzes indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, and even room size to automatically activate tailored cooling.
-Fast Cooling: for instant cooling
-WindFree™: for comfortable cooling
-Dry Comfort: for a cold-free, pleasant environment
AI will continuously monitor and learn your usage patterns & the room conditions, so it can automatically activate Fast Cooling. After lowering the temperature, AI switches to WindFree™ Cooling to maintain the ideal conditions. The more you use it, the better it will suit your needs.
Q: What is required to use AI Fast & Comfort Cooling?
A: A Wi-Fi connection and SmartThings are required.
How It’s Made is a documentary television series that premiered on January 6, 2001 on the Discovery Channel (now known as Discovery Science in Canada, and Science in the UK. The program is produced in the Canadian province of Quebec by Productions MAJ, Inc. and Productions MAJ 2. In the UK
Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCif74XoikPS8Q1w2EXVFS1w
How its made, how they do, made, how, how its work, work, it’s, how its work new, how its made new, season, interesting, discovery, channel, how its made channel
Recent oceanographic research reveals that the mesmerizing, chessboard-like ocean patterns known as square waves are actually one of the deadliest maritime hazards on the planet. Formed when two opposing weather systems collide at sharp angles, these rare cross seas generate violent, multi-directional rip currents that can reach up to 10 feet high. The European Space Agency has officially linked this bizarre grid phenomenon to a massive percentage of modern shipwrecks and boating accidents. While tourists flock to places like France’s Île de Ré to film them, getting caught in these turbulent waters makes escaping impossible for even the strongest swimmers. Watch our full breakdown to uncover the terrifying physics behind these beautiful but deadly ocean anomalies and learn exactly how to survive if you ever spot them.
This is the AI tool behind it → https://higgsfield.ai/s/general-brightsideofficial-kDdKTb
Animation is created by Bright Side.
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This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer’s responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
There is nothing quite like the magic of crystal-clear resin. In today’s video, we are stepping into the studio to bring you a collection of Oddly Satisfying Handmade Epoxy Resin Crafts and More! From the smooth, perfect pours to the incredibly addictive “demolding” reveals, these DIY projects are pure eye candy and the ultimate form of creative relaxation. ✨
#epoxyresin #resinart #resin #5minutecrafts
We advise adult supervision and care at all times. This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information on this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer’s responsibility to use judgment, care and precautions if one plans to replicate.
The following video might feature activity performed by our actors within controlled environment- please use judgment, care, and precaution if you plan to replicate.
All product and company names shown in the video are trademarks™️ or registered®️ trademarks of their respective holders. Use of them does not imply any affiliation with or endorsement by them.
This is the official video introducing AI Motion Wind of the Bespoke AI WindFree Pro, Samsung’s new room air conditioner.
Experience a variety of seven tailored wind modes, ranging from Max Wind to WindFree™.
-Max Wind: opens outer wings fully to provide instant cooling
-Surround Wind: creates a natural breeze that evenly reaches every corner
-Long Reach Wind: sends cool air twice as far across the room
-Down Wind: rapidly pushes hot air downward for quick comfort
-AI Direct Wind: follows you with targeted cooling
-AI Indirect Wind: ensures the targeted user stays comfortable without direct breeze
-WindFree™: gives gentle coolness
Also, Radar Sensors track your movement to deliver precisely the coolness you need.
Q: So, how does a Radar Sensor work?
A: It tracks movement to automatically select the most efficient cooling mode. Wind direction and intensity are adjusted based on user data — number of occupants, activity level and their locations.
Nature can create beautiful makeup too 🌹✨
In this video, we make DIY lipstick and cream blush using roses and other natural ingredients to create soft, beautiful colors without harsh chemicals. From preparing flower petals and mixing natural oils to creating creamy textures and stunning shades, every step is creative, relaxing, and satisfying to watch.
These homemade beauty ideas are perfect for makeup lovers, DIY fans, and anyone interested in natural skincare and eco-friendly cosmetics. The final products look elegant, smell amazing, and are surprisingly easy to make at home.
Stay until the end for the final natural makeup reveal 🤯💄
#DIYMakeup #NaturalBeauty #Lipstick #CreamBlush #BeautyHacks #OrganicBeauty #DIYCosmetics #RosePetals #Skincare #SatisfyingVideo
We advise adult supervision and care at all times. This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information on this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer’s responsibility to use judgment, care and precautions if one plans to replicate.
The following video might feature activity performed by our actors within controlled environment- please use judgment, care, and precaution if you plan to replicate.
All product and company names shown in the video are trademarks™️ or registered®️ trademarks of their respective holders. Use of them does not imply any affiliation with or endorsement by them.
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Samsung B2B Integrated Offering Transportation & Logistics Vertical Video presents key benefits of our integrated offering that align with the core values.
Future ready Samsung B2B Integrated Offering for your business.
#Samsung #B2BIntegratedOffering
Volcanoes might seem like an unstoppable force of nature – but there is at least one OTHER force on Earth that seems to be able to keep them down.
LEARN MORE
**************
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
– Decompression Melting: Mantle melting that involves the upward movement of Earth’s mostly-solid mantle.
– Flux Melting: Melting that occurs when water and other volatile components are introduced to hot solid rock.
– Glaciation: the process, condition, or result of being covered by glaciers or ice sheets.
– Magma: Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth’s crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling.
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If you like what we do, you can help us!:
– Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth
– Share this video with your friends and family
– Leave us a comment (we read them!)
CREDITS
*********
Cameron Duke | Script Writer, Narrator and Director
Sarah Berman and Lizah van der Aart | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation
Nathaniel Schroeder | Music
MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
https://neptunestudios.info
OUR STAFF
************
Lizah van der Aart • Sarah Berman • Cameron Duke
Arcadi Garcia i Rius • David Goldenberg • Melissa Hayes
Alex Reich • Henry Reich • Peter Reich
Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida
Website | https://minuteearth.com
Apple Podcasts| https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176
REFERENCES
**************
Aubry, Thomas J., et al. “Impact of Climate Change on Volcanic Processes: Current Understanding and Future Challenges.” Bulletin of Volcanology, vol. 84, no. 6, 18 May 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01562-8
Cooper, Claire L., et al. “Evaluating the Relationship between Climate Change and Volcanism.” Earth-Science Reviews, vol. 177, 1 Feb. 2018, pp. 238–247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.009
Huybers, Peter, and Charles Langmuir. “Feedback between Deglaciation, Volcanism, and Atmospheric CO2.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 286, no. 3-4, Sept. 2009, pp. 479–491, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.014
Huybers, Peter, and Charles H. Langmuir. “Delayed CO2 Emissions from Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcanism as a Possible Cause of Late-Pleistocene Glacial Cycles.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 457, Jan. 2017, pp. 238–249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.021
Jull, M., and D. McKenzie. “The Effect of Deglaciation on Mantle Melting beneath Iceland.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol. 101, no. B10, 10 Oct. 1996, pp. 21815–21828, https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb01308
Maclennan, J., et al. “The Link between Volcanism and Deglaciation in Iceland.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, vol. 3, no. 11, Nov. 2002, pp. 1–25, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gc000282
Praetorius, Summer, et al. “Interaction between Climate, Volcanism, and Isostatic Rebound in Southeast Alaska during the Last Deglaciation.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 452, 15 Oct. 2016, pp. 79–89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.033
Rawson, Harriet, et al. “The Magmatic and Eruptive Response of Arc Volcanoes to Deglaciation: Insights from Southern Chile.” Geology, vol. 44, no. 4, 24 Feb. 2016, pp. 251–254, https://doi.org/10.1130/g37504.1
Swindles, Graeme T., et al. “Climatic Control on Icelandic Volcanic Activity during the Mid-Holocene.” Geology, vol. 46, no. 1, 1 Jan. 2018, pp. 47–50, https://doi.org/10.1130/G39633.1
Watt, Sebastian F.L., et al. “The Volcanic Response to Deglaciation: Evidence from Glaciated Arcs and a Reassessment of Global Eruption Records.” Earth-Science Reviews, vol. 122, July 2013, pp. 77–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.03.007
A SciShow Kids viewer wrote us to ask how bridges are strong enough to carry cars and trucks! Jessi and Squeaks can explain — with blocks!
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Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/SciShow
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How It’s Made is a documentary television series that premiered on January 6, 2001 on the Discovery Channel (now known as Discovery Science in Canada, and Science in the UK. The program is produced in the Canadian province of Quebec by Productions MAJ, Inc. and Productions MAJ 2. In the UK
Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCif74XoikPS8Q1w2EXVFS1w
How its made, how they do, made, how, how its work, work, it’s, how its work new, how its made new, season, interesting, discovery, channel, how its made channel
How It’s Made is a documentary television series that premiered on January 6, 2001 on the Discovery Channel (now known as Discovery Science in Canada, and Science in the UK. The program is produced in the Canadian province of Quebec by Productions MAJ, Inc. and Productions MAJ 2. In the UK
Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCif74XoikPS8Q1w2EXVFS1w
How its made, how they do, made, how, how its work, work, it’s, how its work new, how its made new, season, interesting, discovery, channel, how its made channel
Your kitchen is about to become your favorite restaurant!
Craving something warm, crispy, or incredibly cheesy? You’ve come to the right place! In today’s video, we’re serving up a collection of Must-Try Snack Ideas and ultimate Comfort Food Recipes that anyone can whip up right at home. No fancy culinary school degrees or rare ingredients required. Just pure, simple deliciousness made in a matter of minutes! 🍕
#snacks #snacksrecipe #food #5minutecrafts
We advise adult supervision and care at all times. This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information on this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer’s responsibility to use judgment, care and precautions if one plans to replicate.
The following video might feature activity performed by our actors within controlled environment- please use judgment, care, and precaution if you plan to replicate.
All product and company names shown in the video are trademarks™️ or registered®️ trademarks of their respective holders. Use of them does not imply any affiliation with or endorsement by them.
The amount of metal some special plants are able to take up from the soil would be toxic enough to an average plant to kill it several times over.
LEARN MORE
**************
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
– Hyperaccumulator: a plant capable of growing in metalliferous soils and to accumulate extraordinarily high amounts of heavy metals, far in excess of the levels found in the majority of species, without suffering toxic effects
– Phytoremediation: the treatment of pollutants or waste (as in contaminated soil or groundwater) by the use of green plants that remove, degrade, or stabilize the undesirable substances (such as toxic metals)
– Phytomining: the planting (and subsequent harvesting) of vegetation that will selectively concentrate specific metals from the soil into their tissues
– Euhalophytes: highly salt-tolerant plants capable of diluting salt within their succulent leaves or stems
– Active transport: the process of transferring substances against a concentration gradient into, out of, and between cells, using energy
If you liked this week’s video, you might also like:
Read about a farm that is harvesting nickel-hoarding plants profitably: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/26/science/metal-plants-farm.html
Thank you to Dr. Hendrik Küpper for his expert consultation on the script! Learn more about his research into “metal-hoarding” plants here: https://plantmetals.eu/
SUPPORT MINUTEEARTH
**************************
If you like what we do, you can help us!:
– Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth
– Share this video with your friends and family
– Leave us a comment (we read them!)
CREDITS
*********
Julián Gustavo Gómez (@TheJulianGomez) | Script Writer, Narrator and Director
Arcadi Garcia Rius | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation
Nathaniel Schroeder | Music
MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
https://neptunestudios.info
OUR STAFF
************
Sarah Berman • Arcadi Garcia Rius
David Goldenberg • Julián Gustavo Gómez
Melissa Hayes • Alex Reich • Henry Reich
Peter Reich • Ever Salazar • Kate Yoshida
Website | https://minuteearth.com
Apple Podcasts| https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176
REFERENCES
**************
Andresen, Elisa, Edgar Peiter, and Hendrik Küpper. “Trace metal metabolism in plants.” Journal of Experimental Botany 69.5 (2018): 909-954. https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/69/5/909/4855954
Bouman, Roderick, et al. “Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi: a new nickel hyperaccumulator from Sabah (Borneo Island) with potential for tropical agromining.” Botanical studies 59.1 (2018): 9. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40529-018-0225-y
Brooks, Robert R., et al. “Phytomining.” Trends in plant science 3.9 (1998): 359-362. https://www.cell.com/trends/plant-science/comments/S1360-1385(98)01283-7
Chrispeels, Maarten J., Nigel M. Crawford, and Julian I. Schroeder. “Proteins for transport of water and mineral nutrients across the membranes of plant cells.” The Plant Cell 11.4 (1999): 661-675. http://www.plantcell.org/content/11/4/661
Favas, Paulo JC, et al. “Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with metals and metalloids at mining areas: potential of native flora.” Environmental risk assessment of soil contamination 3 (2014): 485-516. https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/46355.pdf
Morgan, J. B. & Connolly, E. L. (2013) Plant-Soil Interactions: Nutrient Uptake. Nature Education Knowledge 4(8):2 https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/plant-soil-interactions-nutrient-uptake-105289112/
Morrissey, Joe, and Mary Lou Guerinot. “Trace elements: too little or too much and how plants cope.” F1000 biology reports 1 (2009). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2920677/
Rascio, Nicoletta, and Flavia Navari-Izzo. “Heavy metal hyperaccumulating plants: how and why do they do it? And what makes them so interesting?.” Plant science 180.2 (2011): 169-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.08.016
Song, Jie, and Baoshan Wang. “Using euhalophytes to understand salt tolerance and to develop saline agriculture: Suaeda salsa as a promising model.” Annals of Botany 115.3 (2015): 541-553. http://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC4332605&blobtype=pdf
Yuan, Fang, et al. “Beneficial Effects of Salt on Halophyte Growth: Morphology, Cells, and Genes.” Open Life Sciences 14.1 (2019): 191-200. https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/biol/14/1/article-p191.xml
Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics
This video is about how the International Astronomical Union’s definition for a planet is flawed, even if you take it at face value! The moon almost counts as a planet according to their definition, even though they don’t want it to…
REFERENCES
MinutePhysics video about the moon’s orbit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBcxuM-qXec
IAU 2006 Resolutions: https://iauarchive.eso.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau0603/
Paper arguing moon satisfies IAU criteria: https://doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2017.74024
https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad4edd
BEST paper about planet definition history: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114768
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600013289
IAU exoplanet working definition: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600013289
Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/
And facebook – http://facebook.com/minutephysics
Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics — all in a minute!
Created by Henry Reich
Produced by Joshua Chawner
Chapters
0:00 The IAU’s definition of “Planet”
0:23 Criteria a) “Orbits the sun”
0:53 Criteria b) “is round”
1:28 Criteria c) “clears its orbit”
2:38 Criteria X) “not a moon”
2:59 Criteria “Footnote” – “must be on the list”
3:42 The Purpose of defining “planets”
4:16 So, what is a planet?
